1. Land Fragmentation & Informality

• Millions of small plots, weak land rights, low formalization → hard to scale GTM.
• Requires cooperative-led distribution and extremely simple, low-cost tech.

2. Connectivity & Infrastructure Gaps

• Patchy internet/electricity in Peru, Central America, parts of Colombia.
• Solutions must work offline, via SMS or low-bandwidth modes.

3. Regulatory Volatility

• GMO bans (Mexico, Peru), pesticide bans, shifting data laws, abrupt policy changes.
• Vendors require multi-country diversification and agile compliance.

4. Education, Trust & Adoption Barriers

• Aging farmer population, low digital literacy.
• Mistrust around data ownership and non-traditional inputs.
• Requires training, transparency, farmer champions, and financing.

5. Climate & Natural Disasters

• El Niño, hurricanes, droughts → unpredictable yields and tech ROI risk.
• Demand for climate services grows, but business continuity becomes harder.